Emirates Mars Mission 2020
साल 2020 , 22 ,24 ,26 इत्यादि , जुलाई के अंत तथा अगस्त के शुरुआत में , आधी रात को दक्षिण दिशा में खड़े होकर अगर आप 35 डिग्री ऊपर देखें तो आपको एक लाल बिंदु सितारे की तरह चमकता हुआ दिखाई देगा। वो है मंगलग्रह, सदियों से मानव कौतुहल का विषय।
और इसी कौतुहल में पृथ्वी से मंगल ग्रह पर कई स्पेसक्राफ्ट भेजे जा चुके हैं , इसी में एक नया नाम जुड़ने वाला है , UAE का मार्स मिशन “होप”
हमारे पोडक्स्ट के इस एपिसोड का टॉपिक है “UAE mars mission-what, why and how”
हम इस प्रोग्राम को तीन भागों में आपको बताएँगे , क्या क्यों और कैसे
तो चलिए शुरू करते हैं पहला भाग “क्या” आखिर क्या है ये EMM - Emirates Mars Mission
क्या
एक ऐसा मिशन एक ऐसा मिशन जो UAEको उन गिने चुने देशो की सूचि में खड़ा कर देगा जिनका मार्स पर अबतक कोई मिशन हुआ है ,
एक ऐसा मिशन जो केवल UAE का हीं नहीं , केवल अरब वर्ल्ड का ही नहीं वरन पूरे इस्लामिक देशो में से सबसे पहला मार्स मिशन है
ये है अल अमाल , ये है HOPE ,ये है UAE की उम्मीद।
मोहम्मद बिन रशीद स्पेस एजेंसी का ये मिशन अगर कामयाब होता है तो मार्स पर जाने वाला दुनिया का पांचवा स्पेस एजेंसी बन जायेगा।
इस मिशन को जापान के राकेट से लॉच किया गया है
The Hope probe is compact and cubic in shape and structure, with a mass of 1,350 kilograms (2,980 lb) including fuel.
The probe is 2.37 metres (7 ft 9 in) in width चौड़ाई
2.90 metres (9 ft 6 in) in length , लम्बाई
the overall size is equivalent to a small car.
Hope uses 900-watt के दो solar panels to charge its batteries and
it communicates with Earth using a high-gain antenna with a 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) wide dish.
The spacecraft is equipped with star tracker sensors that help determine its position in space by identifying the constellations in relation to the Sun.
Six 120-N thrusters control the speed of the probe,
eight 5-N reaction control system (RCS) thrusters are responsible for the delicate maneuvering (सॉफ्ट मूवमेंट)
क्यों
ये मिशन क्यों ?
यह mission Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the President of the United Arab Emirates,के द्वारा July 2014, में announce किया गया था and is aimed at enriching the capabilities of Emirati engineers and increasing human knowledge about the Martian atmosphere.
इस मिशन का सबसे प्रमुख उद्देश्य है Martian climate का clear and comprehensive (विस्तृत) picture लेना , जिससे वैज्ञानिकों को हमारी धरती के past और future के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी मिल सके और मंगल ग्रह पर मानव जीवन की क्या संभावनाएं हैं इसका भी पता लगाया जा सके !
It will help answer key questions about the global Martian atmosphere and the loss of hydrogen and oxygen gases into space over the span of one Martian year.
Yah probe sbse pahle to laal grah ki khub badhiya badhiya taswiren khinchega aur hum dharti wasiyon ko laal grah ki laali se wakif karayega, fir mangal ka vatavaran kaisa hai un taswiron se hamein pata chalega, wahan ke lower atmosphere se climate dynamics aur global weather map ko samjhne me bhi madad milegi.
और it will
Explain how the weather changes the escape of Hydrogen and Oxygen through correlating the lower atmosphere conditions with the upper atmosphere.
&
Understand the structure and variability of Hydrogen and Oxygen in the upper atmosphere, as well as identifying why Mars is losing them into space.
Iska mtlb ye hai ki - ---- mars ke lower aur upper atmosphere ke correlation ki vjh se wahan ka Mausam badalta hai awam hydrogen aur oxygen rukta nahi hai ye bhi explain karega
Aur to aur ye probe hamein Mars ke upper atmosphere mein Hydrogen and Oxygen ke structure aur variability ko bhi samjhne me madad karega aur ye bhi pata lagayegga ki akhir Mars un hydrogen aur oxygen ko space me kyun jaane de rha hai.
जापान ने लांच क्यों किया ?
UAE Mars Mission ya HOPE Probe ko Japan ke Tanegashima Island se H-IIA Launch Vehicle dwara 20 July ki subah launch kiya gaya .
The H-IIA Launch Vehicle एक high-performance rocket है जो Mitsubishi Heavy Industries द्वारा develop किया गया है और उसे operate भी किया जा रहा है .
Japan की Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) flight safety, range safety, और launch site facility का ध्यान रखती है।
Mr बोरिंग शब्दावली ये बोलना चाहते हैं की UAE अभी अपना राकेट develope नहीं किया है इस लिए जापान से इसे लांच किया
फलाने उपकरन ही क्यों ?
HOPE PROBE SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS
1. Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS ) INFRARED
2. EMIRATES EXPLORATION IMAGER(EXI) HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOS
3. EMIRATES MARS ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER(EMUS) ULTRA VIOLET
EMIRS: Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer
Studies the lower atmosphere of the red planet in the infrared band
यह Infrared Spectrometer global distribution of dust, ice clouds, water vapours, और temperature profiles को Measure करता है .
Provides the linkages from the lower to the upper atmosphere in conjunction with EMUS and EXI observations
EMIRS instrument एक interferometric thermal infrared spectrometer है जो current Martian climate के energy balance की better understanding के लिए लगाया गया है
energy balance को समझने से वैश्विक तौर पर एनर्जी के sources और उसके लापता होने के कारणों का पता लगाया जा सकता है इसके साथ ही मंगल ग्रह का निचला वातावरण सूर्य के साथ डेली और seasonally क्या प्रतिक्रिया देता है इसे भी समझा जा सकता है .
EMIRS instrument में एक rotating mirror लगाया गया है जो की Mars की scanning करेगा .
अब बात करते हैं दूसरे इंस्ट्रूमेंट EXI की
EXI: Emirates Exploration Imager
Studies the lower atmosphere of the red planet in visible and ultraviolet bands.
Captures high-resolution images of Mars
Measures the optical depth of water ice in the atmosphere
Measures the column abundance (प्रचुरता) of ozone
Provides visible images of Mars during atmosphere
The EXI instrument is a multi-wavelength radiation tolerant camera,
EXI is capable of taking 12-megapixel images while maintaining the radiometric calibration needed for detailed scientific analysis.
The instrument is developed jointly by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) and Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC).
At full resolution, the sensor is capable of capturing 180 frames per second, enabling the possibility of 4K movie mode if desired.
EMUS: Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer
यह ultraviolet wavelength को Detect करता है
Determines the abundance and variability of carbon monoxide and oxygen in the thermosphere on sub-seasonal timescales
Calculates the three-dimensional structure and variability of oxygen and hydrogen in the exosphere
अभी हीं क्यों ?
Reasons Behind Timing of Mars Missions:
The timing is dictated by the opening of a one-month window in which Mars and Earth are in ideal alignment on the same side of the sun, which minimizes travel time and fuel use. Such a window opens only once every 26 months.
कैसे
Launch Vehicle
The launch vehicle consists of a first stage, second stage, fairing, and a pair of Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB-As). The propulsion system of the launch vehicle uses liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
First Stage
The first stage of the H-IIA rocket system is made up of a high-performance LE-7A engine, an engine section, a propulsion system tank charged with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, a centre section connecting the tanks, and an inter-stage section connecting the first and second stages.
Solid Rocket Booster (SRB-A)
The Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB-A) supplement the total thrust by firing for approximately 100 seconds from liftoff. The two Solid Rocket Boosters are attached to the first stage.
Second Stage
The second stage comprises a LE-5B engine, a propulsion system tank that is charged with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and on-board electronic devices. The LE-5B engine in the second stage can be fired up to three times.
The second stage comprises a LE-5B engine, a propulsion system tank that is charged with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and on-board electronic devices. The LE-5B engine in the second stage can be fired up to three times.
EARLY OPERATION
Once the Hope Probe separates from the upper stage, an automated sequence will begin to awaken the probe.
The central computer will boot up and turn on the heaters to prevent the fuel from freezing.
It will then deploy the solar array panels and use the sun sensors to find the sun and manoeuvre in such a way that the solar arrays begin to charge the onboard battery.
With the power switched on, the Hope Probe will start transmitting to Earth, with the NASA Deep Space Network ground station in Madrid ready to pick up on the signals.
Once the signal is received on the ground station, the EMM Operations Team will begin their checks on the spacecraft.
After the communications system is checked out, the control system will ensure that the spacecraft is pointed in the right direction.
The propulsion system onboard will ensure detailed manoeuvres to refine the Hope Probe’s trajectory towards Mars.
The Hope Probe is now ready for its 7-month long journey to Mars covering 493,500,000 km.
CRUISE PHASE
The Hope Probe is constantly monitored by the Operations Team back on Earth, as it makes its way to Mars.
The trajectory to Mars is further refined by the team by performing a series of Trajectory Correction Maneuvers (TCM) over the next several months.
During this period, the instruments are turned on and checked out to ensure that they are operating correctly.
The instruments are calibrated using stars to ensure they are ready to operate once they arrive in Mars’ orbit.
The Hope Probe approaches Mars with such a velocity that it will slingshot around it and continue into deep space if it isn’t slowed down to the level that it can be captured by Mars’ gravity.
MOI (MARS ORBIT INSERTION)
During the Mars Orbit Insertion phase, the Ground and Space Segments are kept to a minimum while the team focuses on safely entering a capture orbit at Mars.
Nearly half of the fuel is spent to slow the Hope Probe down enough to capture Mars’ orbit.
The fuel burn (firing the Delta V thrusters) will last approximately 30 mins and reduces the speed of the spacecraft from over 121,000 km/h to approximately 18,000 km/h.
As radio signals from Mars takes 13 to 26 minutes to travel to Earth, the team will not be able to intervene with the Hope Probe.
The whole operation is completed 100% autonomously.
Once the Mars Orbit Insertion is completed, the Hope Probe will ‘go dark’ – eclipsed by Mars.
Only when the spacecraft emerges from the dark side of Mars will communication be re-established, and the team will only then be certain that the manoeuvre has succeeded.
The first contact with the observatory after MOI will likely come from the ground station in Spain.
Over the next few months, the instruments onboard the Hope Probe are tested, and manoeuvres are performed to get the Probe into the correct position for the science observations.
TRANSITION PHASE
The next stage in the Hope Probe’s journey is the transition from the Capture Orbit to an acceptable Science Orbit in preparation for its primary science operations.
The Capture Orbit – an elliptical orbit lasting 40 hours, will take the Hope Probe as close as 1,000 km above Mars’ surface and as far as 49,380 km away from it.
In the Capture Orbit, the first image of Mars will be taken and transmitted to the MOC.
Daily contact is then scheduled with the team back on Earth, enabling a quick turn-around of command sequence uploads and telemetry receipt.
After a period of testing and validation, spanning nearly 6 weeks from the Mars Orbit Insertion phase, the Hope Probe will move into the Science Orbit.
The Hope Probe will have an elliptical Science Orbit ranging between 20,000–43,000 km, with one complete orbit taking 55 hours.
The mission’s highly innovative orbit is unique and will allow the Hope Probe to complete the first ever planet-wide, 24x7 picture of Mars’ atmospheric dynamics and weather.
The contact period with the MOC is limited to 6-8 hours, twice a week. During this time, it is expected that Hope Probe will transfer over 1 TB of novel data on Mars’ atmosphere and its dynamics.
Omg to ye raha all about Emirates Mars Mission. Kitna jatil vigyan, kitni hi badi-badi aur chhoti chhoti baton ka dhyan rakhna parta hai is space science industry mein. Jara si bhul ya chuk kya hui karoron rupaye dharti ki range se bahar ho jaate hain. But salute to those scientists jo din-raat ek karke puri siddat se kaam krte hain aur nayi khoj aur avishkaron se hamari life ko aaasannnn banate hain.
हमारी आज की बातचीत यही ख़त्म होती है , तो आप ये पॉडकास्ट जहाँ भी सुन रहे हैं सब्सक्राइब या फॉलो का बटन दबा दीजिये ,अगली बारी फिर मिलेंगे किसी और टॉपिक के साथ। हम फिर से चलेंगे अंतिरिक्ष की गहराई में।
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